CONTROL OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS – 9 CFU

CONTROL OF MECHANICAL SYSTEMS – 9 CFU
2 YEAR
1 semester 9 CFU
Riccardo MARINO Since 2019-20
Code: 8039823
SSD: ING-INF/04

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

Ability to understand scientific papers on the control of mechanical systems

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:

Knowledge of dynamic modeling of mechanical systems. Knowledge of basic feedback control techniques for single input single output systems and of decoupling techniques for multi input multi output nonlinear systems

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:

Ability to simulate using Matlab Simulink complex controlled mechanical systems

MAKING JUDGEMENTS:

Ability to evaluate stability, robustness, and performance of a control system

COMMUNICATION SKILLS: Ability to present and discuss an autonomous design project

LEARNING SKILLS: Ability to fully understand a scientific paper on the control of mechanical systems

SYLLABUS:

BASIC CONTROL TOOLS
Bounded- input bounded- output linear systems. Pole placement theorem for controllable and observable linear systems. Luenberger observers for observable systems. Design of dynamic compensators for linear systems. Integral feedback control to reject constant disturbances. PID control. System inverses for minimum phase linear systems. The combination of feedback and feedforward control actions.
ADVANCED CONTROL TOOLS
Linear approximations of nonlinear control systems about operating conditions. The definition of region of attraction for an operating condition. Output feedback compensators with integral actions to control nonlinear systems about a given operating condition. Liapunov matrix equations to determine quadratic Liapunov functions and assess the region of attraction. The definition of the sensitivity transfer function and its properties. The gang of four: sensitivity, complementary sensitivity, load sensitivity and noise sensitivity functions. How to determine the robustness of a control loop using the gang of four functions. Bode’s integral formula and the limitations imposed by unstable open loop poles. Youla parametrization to design stable compensation. Kalman filters, Riccati equations and robust control design.

CONTROL DESIGN FOR MULTIVARIABLE NONLINEAR SYSTEMS
Relative degree for a single input single output nonlinear system. State feedback control design for input-output linearization. State feedback linearization when the relative degree is equal to the state space dimension. The definition of nonlinear inverse systems. Relative degrees or decoupling indices for multivariable (multi-input, multi-output) nonlinear systems. The definition of the decoupling matrix. State feedback control design for input-output linearization when the decoupling matrix is full rank using the Penrose pseudoinverse. State feedback linearization when the sum of relative degrees is equal to the state space dimension and the decoupling matrix is full rank.

CASE STUDIES OF NONLINEAR MECHANICAL CONTROL SYSTEMS
Control of bycicles, robots, vehicles and aircrafts

Digital Electronics – 6 CFU (block B)

Digital Electronics – 6 CFU (block B)
1 YEAR I semester  6 CFU
Marco Re
since A.Y. 2021-25
A.Y. 2025-26 – program 📑
Didatticaweb

Code: 80300061
SSD: ING-INF/01
(by Engineering Sciences)

PREREQUISITES

CIRCUIT THEORY, PHYSICS, MATHEMATICAL ANALYSIS

 

FORMATIVE OBJECTIVES

EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES:
The objective of this course is to provide students with the knowledge for the analysis and synthesis of the electronic systems presented during the course and the means for their resolution. The course has both theoretical and practical character, it is therefore important that the student is able to carry out concrete problems, such as those presented during the exercises.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
Students will learn the analysis techniques used in the analysis of electronic systems in different operating regimes, and acquire the necessary knowledge to carry out circuit simulations through different software.

ABILITY TO APPLY KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: students will be able to evaluate which of the existing methods has to be used to analyze and synthesize the system under consideration with the aim of simplifying the resolution of the problem. Finally, they will be able to apply the software presented to perform the analysis of electronic systems in different operating regimes.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS:
The verification methods implemented will lead the students to 1) know how to quickly choose the methodology to be adopted for solving the proposed problems, and 2) be able to illustrate in a synthetic and analytical way the topics covered by the course using equations and schemes .

LEARNING SKILLS and AUTONOMY OF JUDGMENT:
With the didactic material presented during the course (both written and video) and the list of bibliographic references proposed by the teachers, students have the opportunity to autonomously expand their knowledge on the subject by integrating topics not directly addressed in the course.

SYLLABUS

  Specification of Combinational Systems: definitions and specification level, data representation and coding, binary specification of combinational systems.

     Combinational Integrated Circuits – Characteristics and Capabilities: representation of binary variables, structure and operation of CMOS gates, propagation delays, voltage variations and noise margins, power dissipation and delay-power product, Buses and three-state drivers, circuit characterization of a CMOS-family.

     Description and Analysis of Gate Networks: definition, description and characteristics, sets of gates.

     Design of Combinational Systems – two-level gate networks: minimal two-level networks, Karnaugh maps, minimization of sum of products and product of sums, design of multiple-output two-level gate networks, two-level NAND-NAND and NOR-NOR networks, limitations of two-level networks, programmable modules: PLA and PLA.

     Design of Combinational Systems – Multilevel Gates Networks:

Transformations, alternative implementations, networks with XOR and XNOR gates, and networks with two-input multiplexers.

     Specification of Sequential Systems: synchronous sequential systems, representation of the state transition and output functions, time behavior and finite state machines, finite memory sequential systems, controllers, equivalent sequential systems and minimization of the number of states, binary specification of sequential systems, specification of different types of sequential systems.

     Sequential Networks: canonical form, high-level and binary implementations, gated latch and D flip-flop, timing characteristics, analysis of canonical sequential networks, design of canonical sequential networks, other flip-flop modules: SR, JK, T, analysis of networks with flip-flops, design using special state assignments.

POWERTRAIN TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUTURE MOBILITY – 9 CFU

POWERTRAIN TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUTURE MOBILITY – 9 CFU
1 YEAR (Block C)

2 YEAR (Blocks A|B|D|E)

II semester  9 CFU
Stefano CORDINER (6/9 cfu)
Lorenzo BARTOLUCCI (3/9 cfu)
A.Y. 2021-22

Internal Combustion Engines

Since A.Y. 2022-23 – program 📑

POWERTRAIN TECHNOLOGIES FOR FUTURE MOBILITY

Code: 80300079

80300077 M-6264
SSD: ING/IND/08
(by Mechanical Engineering)

PREREQUISITES: Technical Physics, Fluid Machinery

FORMATIVE OBJECTIVES

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

The course aims to provide students with in-depth scientific training to correctly address the problems of designing, choosing and managing new propulsion systems for sustainable mobility starting from current solutions with internal combustion engines as well as creating the conditions for the development of innovative and low environmental impact solutions. To this end, students will develop in-depth knowledge of the operating principles of propulsion systems for transport and will learn simulation procedures for their verification and sizing. Finally, particular attention is dedicated to the most recent technological development of internal combustion engine technology aimed at overcoming current limits in terms of emissions and efficiency and defining innovative scenarios for sustainable mobility.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
Course aim is to provide the students with tools for the analysis of the performances and the evaluation of proper design solution for internal combustion engines and their core components. At the end of the course, the student will be able to independently understand the functional link between design variables and the performance of internal combustion engines also in case of innovative design,

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
The course, through the analysis of specific problems and quantitative data, is aimed at providing the tools for analysis and evaluation of the effects of different design choices. The theme of energy efficiency and pollution reduction are at the heart of the teaching organization. The student will be able to interpret and propose design solutions, even innovative ones, adapted to the specificity of the problems that are presented to him.

MAKING JUDGEMENTS:
By studying theoretical and practical aspects of engine design and critically assessing the influence of different design variables, the student will be able to improve his judgment and proposal in relation to design. and the management of internal combustion engines.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS:
The presentation of the theoretical and application profiles underlying the operation of internal combustion engines will be carried out to allow the knowledge of the technical language of the appropriate specialist terminology; The development of communication skills, both oral and written will also be stimulated through classroom discussion, participation in seminary activities and through final tests.

LEARNING SKILLS:
The learning capacity, even individual, will be stimulated through numerical exercises, the drafting of papers on specialized topics, the discussion in the classroom, also aimed at verifying the actual understanding of the topics treated. The learning capacity will also be stimulated by integrative educational aids (journal articles and economic newspapers) in order to develop autonomous application capabilities.

SYLLABUS:

Legislation evolution on Internal Combustin Engines. Definition of the performance of the propulsion systems and their operating characteristics in relation to the mission, driving cycles. Generalities on reciprocating internal combustion engines: Characteristics and classification, thermodynamic and performance analysis of reciprocating internal combustion engines.
Air supply for 4-stroke engines: volumetric efficiency and its evaluation; Design elements of intake systems: quasi-stationary effects; valve sizing; influence of other engine parameters; Variable Valve Actuation systems. 2-stroke engines: construction schemes; Non-stationary phenomena in intake and exhaust ducts: inertia and wave propagation; variable geometry systems; calculation models; Supercharging.
In cylinder charge Motion: Turbulence; swirl, squish, tumble; stratified charge engines.
Traditional and alternative fuels; Properties of motor fuels. Generalities: combustibles; stoichiometric air; calorific value Gaseous fuels: natural gas, hydrogen and mixtures. bio-ethanol, bio-diesel and DME. Characteristics and their use in engines: technical solutions, performance and emissions.
Fuel supply Premixed combustion engines; Non-pre-mixed combustion engines.
Combustion : Analytical elements of combustion; thermodynamics of combustion processes; calculation of the chemical composition and of the adiabatic equilibrium temperature ; transport phenomena ; chemical kinetics.
Pollutant emissions and abatement systems; Emissions: formation mechanisms, effects on health and the environment, measurement of emissions; influence of engine parameters; Innovative combustion solutions, Advanced Thermodynamic Cycles. Sustainable mobility. Operating principles of hybrid vehicles: series and parallel solution; motors a.c. and electrical employees; regenerative braking; lithium batteries, performance and prospects. Plug-in hybrid vehicles, i.c. engines “range extender”. Innovative control logics for optimal powersplitting between the different energy sources. Electric vehicles, characteristics and prospects. Numerical simulation tools will be presented for all course topics

ATTENDANCE

Course attendance is strongly recommended. During the course, students are invited to interact with the Professor during the class or office hours for any clarification or insight in specific topics related to the program.

Digital Signal Processing – 6 CFU (optC1.b/optC2.b)

Digital Signal Processing – 6 CFU (optC1.b/optC2.b)
1 YEAR II semester  6 CFU
ICT and Internet Engineering
Marina RUGGIERI (5cfu)

Tommaso ROSSI (1cfu)

A.Y. 2023-24
A.Y. 2024-25
A.Y. 2025-26 – program 📑
 
Code: 8039514
SSD: ING-INF/03

The Digital Signal Processing teaching modules offer students the opportunity to become designer providing a solid theoretical basis, multiple design techniques and Matlab script development skills.

DSP is offered to Mechatronics students with the option of 6 credits and 9 credits format. Students that select the 6-credit option, might be interested toadd a +3 credits of formative activities, with focus on pre-assigned additional topics of the DSP realm.

Mechanics of Materials and Structures – 6 CFU (block A-E)

Mechanics of Materials and Structures – 6 CFU (block A-E)
1 YEAR II semester  6 CFU
Andrea Micheletti

Edoardo Artioli

A.Y. 2021-22 (9 cfu)
Andrea Micheletti A.Y. 2022-23
A.Y. 2024-25 (6 cfu) – program 📑
Code: 80300064
SSD: ICAR/08
(by Engineering Sciences)

FORMATIVE OBJECTIVES

LEARNING OUTCOMES: The goal of this course, composed of two Modules, is to provide the student with basic knowledge of the mechanics of linearly elastic structures and of the strength of materials. By completing this class successfully, the student will be able to compute simple structural elements and reasonably complex structures.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: At the end of this course, the student will be able to:
– compute constraint reactions and internal actions in rigid-body systems and beams subjected to point/distributed forces and couples
– compute centroid position and central principal second-order moments of area distributions
– understand the formal structure of the theory of linear elasticity for beams and 3D bodies
– analyze strain and stress states in 3D bodies
– compute the stress state in beams subjected to uniaxial bending, biaxial bending, eccentric axial force
– understand the behaviour of beams subjected to shear with bending and torsion
– understand how to compute displacements/rotations in isostatic beam systems, how to solve statically underdetermined systems, how to apply yield criteria, and how to design beams against buckling

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING: The student will apply the knowledge and understanding skills developed during the course to the analysis of practical problems. This includes the analysis of linearly elastic structures and structural members in terms of strength and stiffness.

MAKING JUDGEMENTS: The student will have to demonstrate his awareness of the modeling assumptions useful to describe and calculate structural elements, as well as his critical judgement on the static response of elastic structures under loads, in terms of stresses, strains, and displacements.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS: The student will demonstrate, mostly during the oral test, his capacity of analyzing and computing the static response of linearly elastic structures, as well as his knowledge of the underlying theoretical models.

LEARNING SKILLS: The student will get familiar with the modeling of structures and structural elements in practical problems, mostly during the development of his skills for the written test. This mainly concerns beams and three-dimensional bodies.

PREREQUISITES: The student should have already attended the basic courses of calculus, geometry, and physics.
It is required that the student has good skills with regard to differential and integral calculus, linear algebra and matrix calculations.

SYLLABUS:

Together with the other Module of this course, the following topics are covered.

Review of basic notions of vector and tensor algebra and calculus.
Kinematics and statics of rigid-body systems.
Geometry of area distributions.
Strain and stress in 3D continuous bodies and beam-like bodies.
Virtual power and virtual work equation for beams and 3D bodies.
One-dimensional beam models: Bernoulli-Navier model, Timoshenko model, constitutive equations, governing differential equations.
Constitutive equation for linearly elastic and isotropic bodies, material moduli.
Hypothesis in linear elasticity, equilibrium problem for linearly elastic beams and 3D bodies.
Three-dimensional beam model: the Saint-Venant problem, uniaxial and biaxial bending, eccentric axial force, shear and bending, torsion.
Elastic energy of beams and 3D bodies, work-energy theorem, Betti’s reciprocal theorem, Castigliano’s theorem.
Yield criteria (maximum normal stress, maximum tangential stress, maximum elastic energy, maximum distortion energy).
Buckling instability, bifurcation diagrams, load and geometry imperfections, Euler buckling load, design against buckling.
Basic notions on the finite element method and structural analysis software.

Analogue Electronics – 9 CFU (block B-opt)

Analogue Electronics – 9 CFU (block B-opt)
1 YEAR II semester  6 CFU + 3 cfu extra
Rocco Giofre’ A.Y. 2021-22

A.Y. 2022-23

Paolo Colantonio A.Y. 2023-24 – program 📑
Code: 8037954 (9CFU)
80300060 (6CFU)

SSD: ING-INF/01
(by Engineering Sciences)

The students who include Analogue Electronics in their study plan are strongly advised to include it in its 9-CFU version, with the last 3 CFUs (out of 9) working as Extra Credits.


LEARNING OUTCOMES:
Learning the basic concept of analogue electronic systems and circuits and developing the competencies to design electronic circuits.
The educational objectives are pursued through lectures and exercises.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
The student acquires the basic conceptual and analytical knowledge, both theoretical and applied, of the main basic electronic components. Subsequently, it acquires knowledge related to the integration of basic electronic components for the development of more complex electronic systems, such as amplifiers, oscillators, rectifiers, etc.

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
The student will demonstrate to have acquired the methodologies for the analysis and synthesis (design) of simple electronic circuits.

MAKING JUDGEMENTS:
The student must be able to integrate the basic knowledge provided with those deriving from physics, mathematics, and electrical engineering courses, in order to correctly select the most appropriate analytical and circuit synthesis options.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS:
Students must be able to illustrate the basic themes of the course synthetically and analytically, linking together the different concepts that are integrated into more complex electronic systems.


Prerequisite: Knowledge of network analysis in general.

SYLLABUS:

Diode semiconductor devices and circuit applications: clipper, clamper, peak detector, etc. Bipolar Junction and Field Effect Transistors. Biasing techniques for Transistors. Amplifiers classification, analysis, and circuit design. Frequency response of single and cascaded amplifiers. Differential amplifiers and Cascode. Current mirrors. Feedback amplifiers and stability issues. Power amplifiers. Operational amplifiers and related applications. Oscillator circuits. Integrated circuits and voltage waveform generators.

Books for references
“Electronics: a systems approach”, Neil Storey, Prentice Hall
“Elettronica di Millman”, J. Millman, A. Grabel, P. Terreni, McGraw-Hill

HOW TO ATTEND LESSONS:

Although attendance is optional, given the complexity of the topics covered, it is strongly recommended to follow the lessons.

NANOTECHNOLOGY – 6 CFU

NANOTECHNOLOGY – 6 CFU
1 YEAR II semester  6 CFU
Antonio Agresti (3cfu)
Francesca De Rossi (3cfu)
A.Y. 2021-22
Antonio Agresti (3cfu)
Fabio Matteocci (3cfu)
A.Y. 2022-23
A.Y. 2023-24
Antonio Agresti (5cfu)

Sara Pescetelli (1cfu)

A.Y. 2024-25
A.Y. 2025-26 – program 📑
Code: 8039791
SSD: ING-INF/01

 

VLSI CIRCUIT AND SYSTEM DESIGN – 9 CFU

VLSI
1 YEAR II semester  9 CFU
Luca DI NUNZIO (9 cfu) A.Y. 2021-22
Luca DI NUNZIO (5 cfu)

Vittorio MELINI (2 cfu)

Sergio SPANO’ (2 cfu)

since A.Y. 2022-23 – program 📑
Alessia DI VITO (7cfu)

Gemma GILIBERTI (2cfu)

A.Y. 2025-26 – program 📑
Code: 8039166
SSD: ING-INF/01

PREREQUISITES:

It is strictly suggested to take the “Digital Electronics” exam before attending this course. You can contact Prof. Luca DI NUNZIO for any doubts regarding the topic.

LEARNING OUTCOMES:

The VLSI CIRCUIT AND SYSTEM DESIGN course aims to teach the basics of combinational and sequential circuits that represent the basic blocks of any modern digital system. In addition, the course will provide the basic concepts of the VHDL language

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:

At the end of the course, the student will learn the basic concepts of combinational and sequential circuits that are the basis of any system and the basic concepts of the VHDL language useful for the design of digital systems

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:

Ability to analyze the characteristics of digital circuits with particular emphasis on timing and power consumption.

MAKING JUDGEMENTS:

The student will understand the acquired knowledge independently and critically to be able to connect and integrate the various aspects related to the design of digital systems

COMMUNICATION SKILLS:

The student must be able to communicate their knowledge acquired during the course in clear, correct, and technical language.

LEARNING SKILLS:

Ability to critically approach a digital circuit design problem, know how to manage it, and find implementation solutions using the VHDL language

SYLLABUS:

(L. DI NUNZIO)

Digital electronics basic concepts
Floating-point and fixed-point numeric representation formats
Combinatorial circuits: encoders, decoders, multiplexers
Sequential circuits: flip flops, latch registers, counters, memories
Introduction to VHDL: entity and architecture, levels of abstraction, HDL design flow, combinatorial and sequential processes, objects in VHDL test bench
Practical activities of circuit design in VHDL

(S. SPANO’)

Central unit
ALU
System registers
Address logic
System buses
Scheduler
Branching of instructions
Interrupts
Bus synchronization
RAM memories
ROM memories
Flash memories
CAM memories

 

POWER ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL DRIVES – 9 CFU

POWER ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL DRIVES – 9 CFU
2 YEAR 2 semester 9 CFU
Stefano Bifaretti
A.Y. 2021-22
Stefano Bifaretti (7cfu)

Cristina Terlizzi (2cfu)

A.Y. 2022-23 1st Year I semester
A.Y. 2023-24  (NOT HELD)A.Y. 2024-25
Stefano Bifaretti A.Y. 2025-26 – program 📑
Code: 8039781
SSD: ING-INF/01

LEARNING OUTCOMES:
The Power Electronics and Electrical Drives course aims to provide a basic understanding of the power semiconductors of the main electronic circuits used for the static conversion of electrical energy as well as the electrical drives. The student will acquire the ability to analyse and perform an initial sizing of power electronic converters operating in either direct or alternating current.

KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
The student will be gradually guided to the knowledge of the functional characteristics and behavior of the main static power converters used, in particular, in industrial applications, in Distributed Generation Systems and in power trains of electical vehicles. In order to improve the topics understanding, the use of Matlab-Simulink specific packages for the simulation of electronic power converters is illustrated.

APPLYING KNOWLEDGE AND UNDERSTANDING:
The knowledge acquired during the course allows the student to select the topology and size of the power converter in relation to the final design.
Different application examples, in particular devoted to distributed energy generation plants, uninterruptible power supplies and electric mobility will allow the student to improve his ability to apply the acquired knowledge.

MAKING JUDGEMENTS:
The student will be able to collect and process specialized technical information on power converters and verify their validity.

COMMUNICATION SKILLS:
The student will be able to relate with power electronics specialists in order to request the technical information necessary for the development of a project activity.

LEARNING SKILLS:
The skills acquired during the course will allow the student to undertake, with a high degree of autonomy, subsequent studies or apply for technical roles in companies working in the field.

 

SYLLABUS:

POWER SEMICONDUCTORS

Power Semiconductors employed in Power Electronics converters: Diodes, BJT, MOSFET, IGBT, Thyristors, Wide Bandgap Semiconductors).

Static and dynamic behavior. Thermal behavior. Conduction and switching losses.

Technical specifications provided by manufacturers’ datasheets. Driving circuits.

POWER CONVERTER TOPOLOGIES

Behavioral characteristics: unidirectional and bidirectional energy transfer, controlled voltage sources. Analysis method of power converters.

DC-DC Converters. Buck, Boost, Buck-Boost. Switching losses reduction. Average Model. Modulation techniques (PWM, PFM, PRM). Output voltage open-loop control. Closed-loop control. Current control.Half and Full Bridge DC-DC converters.

DC-AC Converters (Inverters). Half and Full Bridge DC-AC single-phase converters based on static switches. Three-phase converters. Modulation techniques. Selective Harmonic Elimination (SHE). Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM).

Rectifiers: Single-phase and three-phase diode rectifiers. Single-phase and three-phase force-commutated PWM rectifiers: topologies, voltage and current controls. Power Factor Corrector (PFC). Effects on grid side of power converters. Generalized power factor. Compliance with grid codes.
Isolated DC-DC converter.

ELECTRICAL DRIVES
Introduction to Electrical Drives. DC, Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motors and Induction Motors. DC motors model.

Power Electronics Applications

Power Converters simulation using Matlab-Simulink/Simpowersystem.
Photovoltaic Conversion Systems.
Power trains for electrical vehicles. Battery chargers.